MAYAN RIVIERA, Mexico - Our feverish oceans are spitting out hurricanes. They are spewing invasive seaweed onto our beaches. Beneath the water, the coral is turning pale. Something is wrong, very wrong. And the seas are trying to tell us something.
The seas are trying to tell us something
What is causing the invasion of brown sargassum seaweed on our beaches? Global warming fosters the growth of algae in the ocean, but scientists still lack an explanation as to why so much of it is invading formerly pristine beaches.
Por:
Jorge Ramos.
A tractor clearing beach covered in seaweed in Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Imagen EFE/Alonso Cupul
Two or three times a year my family and I travel to a wonderful area here between Cancún and Tulúm, in the state of Quintana Roo. Its my favorite beach; the sand is smooth and white, the waters a deep turquoise. Every time Im here, I get the sensation that Im in the best place in the world. But during the last few visits Ive seen a drastic change: The beach is often covered with brown sargassum seaweed.
In one of the two hotels where I usually stay, I can always hear the sound of the waves early in the morning. Except on this visit, because the sea was drowned out by the sound of a tractor removing seaweed from the beach. I usually jog alone along the beach in the morning, but when I opened the door and headed toward the water, there was a very long strip of sargassum running along the shore, about 10 feet wide. Tons more floated on the water, rocked by the waves as it moved toward the shore.
The tractor driver had a mammoth and impossible task. Every load of seaweed he moved was like removing a grain of sugar from a sugar bowl. An army of workers stood nearby in the knee-deep water, fishing out the seaweed with nets before it could reach the beach. Others were erasing the tractors tracks with a broom.
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This cosmetic surgery takes place every day all along this coast, and its been happening for years. The first signs that the seaweed was a threat to the beaches and, thus, to tourism appeared in 2011; the invasion intensified around 2015. Officials kept saying it was an atypical phenomenon, but these days there can be no doubt that nature here has undergone a dramatic change.
In 2013, scientists from Texas A&M University at Galveston launched the Sargassum Early Advisory System (SEAS), one of the best tracking systems in the Gulf of Mexico.
Just as it does in the Caribbean, millions of tons of sargassum wash up on the Texas coast every year. Unfortunately, the SEAS system provides only an eight-day forecast.
Where does the seaweed come from, and why is it such a problem these days? An early hypothesis pointed to large beds of macroalgae in the Sargasso Sea, which is within the Atlantic, near the Bermuda Triangle, and characterized by the proliferation of this seaweed. Changes in atmospheric pressure, sea currents and winds push the sargassum south, then the tides push it toward the beaches.
Now some scientists believe that a new Sargasso Sea is forming between the coasts of Africa and Brazil, and that much of the algae landing on the beaches in the Dominican Republic and on Caribbean islands comes from there.
Why is this happening now? Global warming, undoubtedly, fosters the growth of algae in the ocean. Sargassum can double in size every 18 days, and a warm sea is a perfect breeding ground. However, scientists still lack an explanation as to why so much of it is invading formerly pristine beaches.
Officials in Mexico have proposed building a 4.9-mile plastic barrier between Punta Nizuc and Punta Cancún to prevent sargassum from landing on those Mexican beaches. Vessels would then collect it. Other beaches are just burying it, even though it might affect the quality of the sand and lead to more erosion.
Meanwhile, my favorite beach is not the same. But I keep coming back, because of my nostalgia rather than because its former beauty has remained.
PS: On my flight from Cancún back to Miami, I spotted islands of sargassum, spreading out menacingly across the ocean like an oil spill. After landing I saw the front page of the Miami Herald, which featured a terrifying story about the red tide (another algae, K. brevis, which darkens the sea and has killed thousands of fish along Floridas coasts). The seas are truly trying to tell us something.
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